7 Symptoms of Anxiety
Anxiety can have a sizable impact on a person's mental health and well-being. It can also be really difficult for someone who is experiencing anxiety to speak out about what they are feeling, so today I wanted to explore some of the symptoms we could all aim to be more mindful of when it comes to checking in on the people we love. Here are seven mental health challenges commonly associated with anxiety, some notes from mental health professionals on each of the symptoms, and some tips to consider for speaking with loved ones who may be demonstrating symptoms of anxiety.
1. Panic attacks
Panic attacks are sudden and intense feelings of fear, terror and physical discomfort such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, and shortness of breath. They can occur virtually at any time, without warning, and can last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), panic attacks can be a symptom of panic disorder, which is an anxiety disorder that can cause recurring panic attacks and significant distress.
According to Dr. Sarah Ravin, a clinical psychologist, panic attacks are a natural response to perceived danger or threat. She notes that panic attacks can be debilitating and can cause individuals to avoid situations that trigger them. Dr. Ravin recommends seeking professional help if panic attacks are impacting one's quality of life.
Tips for talking with potentially symptomatic loved ones:
"I noticed you've been experiencing panic attacks. Would you like to talk to someone about it?"
"Hey, I just wanted you to know I'm here for you if you ever want to talk about your panic attacks. It can be helpful to get support."
"I understand that panic attacks can be overwhelming. Would you like to explore options for getting support in dealing with them?"
2. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
OCD is a type of anxiety disorder characterised by repetitive, unwanted thoughts and behaviours that can interfere with daily life. According to the International OCD Foundation, OCD is a disorder that can exist in many forms, including obsessions about cleanliness, safety, or symmetry, and compulsions such as washing hands, checking locks, or counting.
According to Dr. Jonathan Grayson, a clinical psychologist and expert on OCD, individuals with OCD often experience intense anxiety and distress over their thoughts and compulsions. Grayson also notes that treatment for OCD can be effective – he strongly recommends seeking help from a qualified mental health professional.
Tips for talking with potentially symptomatic loved ones:
"Hey! OCD can be a difficult disorder to live with. Talking to someone may be helpful in developing coping strategies."
"I've noticed that you've been struggling with intrusive thoughts and compulsions. Is talking to someone about it something that you’re open to?"
3. Phobias
Phobias are intense and irrational fears of specific things, situations, or activities. The development of phobias can lead to avoidance behaviours and significant distress. According to the American Psychiatric Association, there are three types of phobias: specific phobias, social phobia, and agoraphobia.
Dr. Shannon Kolakowski, a licensed psychologist, acknowledges that phobias can be challenging to overcome without professional help. A key recommendation of hers is exposure therapy – gradually exposing oneself to the feared object or situation, as an effective treatment for phobias.
Tips for talking with potentially symptomatic loved ones:
"I’ve noticed you've been avoiding certain situations because of your phobia. Would you like to talk to someone about overcoming it?"
"I understand what it feels like to be scared, and it’s okay to be scared sometimes. Still, phobias are something that can be treated, so you don’t have to live in fear forever. Have you considered seeking professional help?"
4. Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder is characterised by intense fear or anxiety in social situations, such as public speaking, meeting new people, or being observed by others. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, social anxiety disorder is something that can cause significant distress and interfere with daily life.
Dr. Ellen Hendriksen, a clinical psychologist, notes that individuals with social anxiety disorder often experience intense self-consciousness and fear of negative evaluation from others. To overcome this, she recommends cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), which has been proven as an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder.
Tips for talking with potentially symptomatic loved ones:
"I understand that you feel anxious in social situations. Talking to someone may be helpful in managing those feelings."
"Social anxiety disorder can be debilitating. Fortunately, there are treatment options available. Is this something you might be open to exploring?"
"It is totally valid to feel nervous in social situations, however, it's important that you not let it interfere with your life. Would you be interested in talking to someone about how to manage those feelings?"
5. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
PTSD can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event and is characterised by symptoms such as intrusive thoughts, nightmares, flashbacks, and avoidance behaviours. The National Center for PTSD names an even wider range of events, adding military combat, sexual assault, or natural disasters to the list of potential triggers.
Dr. Shaili Jain, a psychiatrist and PTSD expert, notes that PTSD can be a challenging disorder to treat, however, there are effective treatments available. She recommends trauma-focused therapy, such as prolonged exposure therapy or cognitive processing therapy, as effective treatments for PTSD.
Tips for talking with potentially symptomatic loved ones:
"I know you've been struggling with flashbacks and nightmares. Have you considered talking to someone about PTSD?"
"PTSD can be a difficult disorder to manage. The good news is that there are a number of effective treatments available. Are these options something you would be willing to explore?"
"It's understandable to feel overwhelmed after experiencing a traumatic event. Talking to someone may be helpful in processing whatever you may be thinking or feeling in a safe and effective manner."
6. Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
GAD is characterised by excessive and persistent worry and anxiety about everyday events, activities, and responsibilities. According to the NIMH, GAD can cause significant distress and interfere with daily life.
Dr. Kevin Chapman is a licensed clinical psychologist who notes that individuals with GAD often experience persistent and excessive worry that can interfere with their ability to function. He recommends cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based therapies as effective treatments for GAD.
Tips for talking with potentially symptomatic loved ones:
"I can see that you've been worrying excessively about everyday events, and I’m genuinely concerned about your wellbeing. Have you considered talking to someone about managing your anxiety?"
"Anxiety can be challenging to manage on your own. Would you like to explore treatment options with a professional?"
"Hey, it's important to take care of your mental health. Would you be open to speaking with someone about how to manage your anxiety?"
7. Depression
Anxiety can also be linked to depression, with symptoms including sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable. The National Institute of Mental Health reports depression can be a debilitating condition that affects a person's mood, behaviour, and physical health.
Furthermore, Dr. Sally Winston, a clinical psychologist and anxiety expert, shares that anxiety and depression often co-occur, or happen at the same time, and can quite naturally exacerbate one another. She suggests seeking help from a qualified mental health professional, who can provide a thorough evaluation and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Tips for talking with potentially symptomatic loved ones:
"It seems like you've been feeling a bit down lately. If you’re feeling overwhelmed or depressed, talking to someone may be helpful in managing what you’re going through."
"It's okay to not feel okay. Would you like to talk to someone about how to manage your depression? There are a variety of treatments available, and it’s important to me that you know because I care about you."
Something important to note is that although seeking support from a mental health professional can be beneficial, it can also present additional challenges as it might not be as easy to access for some individuals. Online therapy and telehealth services can be helpful alternatives for those who have difficulty accessing in-person care.
Remember this: It is essential to prioritise your mental health and seek help when needed.
Made Up Mind content should never be mistaken as medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Information published to this website or by this brand is not a replacement for medical advice. Please consult qualified health or mental health professionals with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your mental health.
